Debian Chroot on DSM

Use Debian chroot instead of ipkg (optware) on DSM 5.0. Here is a installation notes of XPEnology on HP N36L

Prerequisite:

add custom source:  Package Centre > Settings > Package Sources

Name: SynoCommunity
Location:  https://synocommunity.com/packages 

Readme:

https://github.com/SynoCommunity/spksrc/blob/develop/spk/debian-chroot/src/app/help/enu/index.html

Installation:

– required python on SynoCommunity, DSM default python not OK.

– select Debian Chroot and click install

– after installation completed, ssh to DSM as root

root@diskstation> /var/packages/debian-chroot/scripts/start-stop-status chroot
bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (en_US.utf8)
root@diskstation:/#

– now under chroot

##backup and update source list. e.g. from France to Australia
##see https://www.debian.org/mirror/list
sed -i.`date +%Y%m%d` 's/fr.debian.org/au.debian.org/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
aptitude update
aptitude upgrade
aptitude install locales
dpkg-reconfigure locales
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
aptitude install less vim curl rsync screen openssh-server

– enable home for users: Control Panel > User > Advance, “Enable user home services”, Apply.
ls -al /var/services/homes  symbolic link updated and pointed correctly

– some additional directories want to be mount by startup script

# diff -u /var/packages/debian-chroot/scripts/start-stop-status
--- start-stop-status.org
+++ start-stop-status
@@ -20,6 +20,16 @@
         grep -q "${CHROOTTARGET}/dev " /proc/mounts || mount -o bind /dev ${CHROOTTARGET}/dev
         grep -q "${CHROOTTARGET}/dev/pts " /proc/mounts || mount -o bind /dev/pts ${CHROOTTARGET}/dev/pts

+        grep -q "${CHROOTTARGET}/home " `realpath /var/services/homes` || mount -o bind `realpath /var/services/homes` ${CHROOTTARGET}/home
+
+        [ ! -d ${CHROOTTARGET}/volume2 ] && mkdir -p ${CHROOTTARGET}/volume2
+        grep -q "${CHROOTTARGET}/volume2 " /volume2 || mount -o bind /volume2 ${CHROOTTARGET}/volume2
+
         # Start all services
         ${INSTALL_DIR}/app/start.py
     fi
@@ -35,6 +45,11 @@
     umount ${CHROOTTARGET}/dev
     umount ${CHROOTTARGET}/sys
     umount ${CHROOTTARGET}/proc
+
+    umount ${CHROOTTARGET}/home
+    umount ${CHROOTTARGET}/volume2
 }

 daemon_status ()

– setup users on debian domain

## find user id
id -u username
id -g username

## Debian domain. XXXX YYYY is the id value
adduser username -uid XXXX --gid YYYY --home /home/username

– change Port form 22 to 2222, so Synology still using default port 22, Debian domain will use 2222 port

cp -p /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.`date +%Y%m%d`
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

–  (optional) create share folder via UI, e.g. “bridge”. Later use for packages manually install and share across Debian and Synology (e.g. maven)

# on both Debian domain and Synology domain, create symbolic link to both
ln -s /volume2/bridge /usr/local/bridge

– config profile

#on Debian domain
#file name is unimportant, only required as *.sh. number for ordering only.
vim /etc/profile.d/S20_java.sh
  # copy-and-paste from Synology /etc/profile
  PATH=$PATH:/volume2/@appstore/JavaManager/Java/bin # Synology Java Manager Package
  PATH=$PATH:/volume2/@appstore/JavaManager/Java/jre/bin # Synology Java Manager Package
  JAVA_HOME=/volume2/@appstore/JavaManager/Java/jre # Synology Java Manager Package
  CLASSPATH=.:/volume2/@appstore/JavaManager/Java/jre/lib # Synology Java Manager Package
  LANG=en_US.utf8 # Synology Java Manager Package
  export CLASSPATH PATH JAVA_HOME LANG # Synology Java Manager Package
  #EOF

# enable color for ls and PS1
vim /etc/profile.d/S01_allusers.sh
  export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
  eval "`dircolors`"
  alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
  alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -la'
  alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'

  if [ "$BASH" ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[01;34m\] \w \$\[\033[00m\] '
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
      . ~/.bashrc
    fi
  fi
  #EOF

source /etc/profile && source /root/.profile
# verify
java -version

– ~/.profile  , different PS1 for both Synology and Debian ssh login

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
	. "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

if [ ! -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
  PS1='\u@\h \W \$ '
fi

– (optional) on Synology domain, edit /etc/profile as well: PS1=’\u@\h \W \$ ‘

Final

– ssh username@diskstation   for original synology ash shell. Or
– ssh -p 2222 username@diskstation  for debian bash shell

reference

• https://wiki.debian.org/chroot
• https://sites.google.com/a/courville.org/courville/home/synology-debian-chroot
• https://juju.net.nz/michaelh/notes/ds123.html